NOTE 13. PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES

The Tax Reform was enacted in December 2017. Impacts of the Tax Reform for the year ended December 31, 2017 included remeasuring federal deferred tax assets and liabilities due to the reduction of the U.S. corporate income tax rate from 35.0% to 21.0%.  In connection with the Tax Reform, the Securities and Exchange Commission issued guidance which allowed the Company a year to finalize the income tax effect of the Tax Reform. Other aspects of the Tax Reform did not take effect until 2018.

The Company has completed its accounting related to the Tax Reform. No further adjustments were made with respect to the previously recorded provisional amounts.

The components of the Company’s loss before the provision for income taxes consisted of the following:

The provision for income taxes consisted of the following for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

A reconciliation of the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to the Company's effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

The significant components of the Company’s deferred income tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows:

The Company has evaluated the available positive and negative evidence supporting the realization of its gross deferred tax assets, including its cumulative losses, and the amount and timing of future taxable income, and has determined it is more likely than not that the assets will not be realized. Accordingly, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 against its U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.

The change in the valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

As of December 31, 2018, the Company has federal and state income tax net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $122,300 and $119,601, respectively. The U.S. federal and state net operating losses will begin to expire in 2034 and 2019, respectively, unless previously utilized. Net operating loss carryforwards generated after January 1, 2018 may be carried forward indefinitely, subject to the 80% taxable income limitation on the utilization of the carryforwards. In addition, the Company had federal and state research and development credit carryforwards of approximately $342 and $260, respectively, as of December 31, 2018. The federal research and development credit will begin to expire in 2036 if unused and the state research and development credit may be carried forward indefinitely. Certain tax attributes may be subject to an annual limitation in the event there has been or is a change of ownership as defined under Internal Revenue Code Section 382.

The Company is subject to taxation in the United States and various states. Its U.S. federal tax returns and state returns are open for examination for tax years 2014 and forward. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries are currently under examination from tax authorities in the jurisdictions in which the Company does business.